The Decision to Add to Mount Rushmore: Who Calls the Shots?

Mount Rushmore, an iconic American landmark, is etched with the faces of four U.S. presidents. However, due to specific constraints, the possibility of adding a fifth figure to this monumental sculpture remains a topic of interest and controversy. In this article, we will explore the process and criteria that determine whether a new figure can be carved onto Mount Rushmore, and the reasons behind the decision.

Historical Context and Decision-Making

Carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore by sculptor Gutzon Borglum and his son Lincoln, the monument was completed in 1941 after 14 years of work. The initial plan involved milling 60 figures of deceased authors, statesmen, explorers, pioneers, and poets, but the scope was drastically reduced to just four presidents.

Initially, the project aimed to carve their faces as explorers, with each figure representing a decade of American history. However, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln were ultimately chosen, representing the revolutionary, governmental, expansionist, and civil rights eras, respectively.

Current Status and Challenges

As of now, no fifth figure is set to be added to Mount Rushmore due to both practical and philosophical reasons. According to a spokesperson from the monument, there are two primary reasons for this. Firstly, there is no stable surface that can be used for carving an additional figure, which presents significant technical challenges. The existing faces were carefully selected and carved to fit the shape of the mountain, leaving minimal space for addition without compromising the integrity of the existing sculpture.

The second reason lies in the respect for the artist's original vision. Gutzon Borglum had a clear artistic and historical narrative in mind for the monument, which he intended to maintain throughout its completion. The monument's current condition reflects not only his technical skill but also his artistic vision. Changing the scope of the monument now would be seen as a deviation from this vision, potentially leading to a loss of its historical and artistic coherence.

Arguments for and Against Adding a Fifth Face

Supporters of adding a fifth figure argue that it is a matter of inclusivity and historical representation. Advocates believe that while the monument already represents four significant figures, their absence of certain notable leaders hinders the monument's complete representation of American history in its entirety.

On the other hand, critics argue that any attempt to add a figure now would be a misinterpretation of the monument's original intention. They believe that the space carved for additional figures was a deliberate design to honor history, rather than to allow for future modifications. Engaging in such an expansion could be seen as tampering with historical precedence.

The Future of Mount Rushmore

The future of Mount Rushmore remains uncertain, but the decisions to preserve the existing four figures is likely to continue. Nonetheless, the ongoing debate around expanding the monument reflects a broader discussion about the nature of historical representation and the role of monuments in shaping public memory.

As Mount Rushmore stands, it serves as a powerful symbol of American history and identity. The decision not to add a fifth figure is a testament to both the technical limitations and the respect for an established artistic and historical narrative. Though the question of who decides remains open, the monument's unwavering presence continues to inspire reflections on our shared past and the ongoing narrative of American history.