Are Hungary and Ukraine Enemies: A Complex Relationship Explained

Introduction

Despite the ongoing complexities in their relationship, Hungary and Ukraine are more than just enemies. The relationship between the two nations has historical, political, and social dimensions that make it a more nuanced situation. This article explores the dynamics between Hungary and Ukraine, addressing the historical context, current political tensions, and the role of nationalism.

The Hostile Oppression of the Hungarian Minority

While the Hungarian minority in Ukraine faces hostile oppression, Hungary has taken several steps to support these communities. Notably, Hungary declared neutrality and has assisted Ukrainian refugees during times of crisis. However, some Ukrainian individuals, particularly those associated with nationalist and patriotic movements, have portrayed Hungarians as enemies, spreading rumors and slanders. This casts a shadow on the relationship between the two nations.

Political Tensions and Nationalism

The political landscape in Ukraine plays a significant role in the dynamics between Hungary and Ukraine. Certain individuals in Ukraine consider any actions or stances against the new laws and educational policies post-2014 as hostile to Ukraine. Hungary, for instance, stands against the Ukrainian educational law, which limits language use in educational settings beyond Ukrainian. Similarly, Hungary has criticized the new language laws introduced in Ukraine that restrict the use of other languages.

A Bitter Relationship, Yet Not Enemies

While the relationship is not ideal, it is not as adversarial as it may seem on the surface. Ukraine views Hungary as a valuable partner in trade and trade relations. Conversely, Hungary is also a trade partner of Ukraine and has a complex relationship marked by tension but not outright enmity. The current political environment in Hungary, characterized by nationalist rhetoric backed by the Orban administration, has exacerbated the tensions. However, there is a belief that this phase will eventually pass, and normalcy will return.

Historical Context and Territorial Integrity

The Treaty of Trianon in 1920 and subsequent post-World War II developments have created a sense of ongoing tension between Hungary and Ukraine. The Treaty of Trianon resulted in the loss of significant Hungarian territories to neighboring countries, including Ukraine. This historical context adds a layer of complexity to the relationship, as it is rooted in the loss of territory and identity.

While the relationship is not naturally adversarial, it is affected by the legacy of the Treaty of Trianon. The tension also exists between Hungary and other countries like Romania and Slovakia. For instance, there have been cases where individuals in Slovakia who identify as Hungarian emphasize their Hungarian heritage, mirroring the situation between Hungary and Ukraine. Similarly, Hungarian communities in Estonia often feel displaced when living in a foreign country, as evidenced by the comments from the honorary consul of Hungary in Estonia.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the relationship between Hungary and Ukraine is complex, characterized by historical, political, and social dimensions. While tensions exist, they are not as adversarial as they may seem. Both nations have their own domestic issues and nationalist sentiments, which impact their relationship. However, the relationship can be summed up as a 'frenemy' dynamic, where there are underlying tensions but mutual interests and trade relations exist. The situation may improve as nationalist rhetoric fades, and both nations return to more constructive dialogue.