Why the Washington Monument Takes the Form of an Egyptian Obelisk
Understanding the Inspiration Behind the Washington Monument
The Washington Monument, one of the most recognizable landmarks in the United States, stands at 555 feet tall, towering above the National Mall in Washington D.C. Its design, which mirrors the style of ancient Egyptian obelisks, is more than just a decorative choice; it carries deep symbolism and cultural meaning. In this article, we will explore why the Washington Monument was patterned after an Egyptian obelisk, the influence of classical design, and the cultural context that inspired this monumental structure.
Symbolism
Obelisks in ancient Egypt were more than just monumental stone structures; they were significant symbols of religious and political power. These tall, four-sided, tapering monuments with a pyramidion on top were often associated with the sun god Ra, symbolizing the connection between the earth and the heavens. They were also seen as representations of power and endurance, reflecting the resilience and grandeur of the Egyptian civilization.
The Washington Monument was designed to serve a similar symbolic purpose. Dedicated to George Washington, the first President of the United States, the monument symbolizes American ideals of leadership and the nation's strength. Just as the ancient obelisks stood as markers to honor deities and pharaohs, the Washington Monument stands as a symbol of American values, celebrating the spirit of liberty and unity.
Design Influence
The architectural style of the Washington Monument was heavily influenced by classical design, which included elements from ancient Egypt. During the 18th and 19th centuries, there was a revival of interest in classical styles, including those of ancient civilizations. The obelisk form was chosen to convey a sense of grandeur and timelessness, reflecting the enduring legacy of both Egyptian and American leaders.
The Washington Monument, designed by Robert Mills, was completed in 1884, although construction was interrupted for several years. Its height of 555 feet makes it the tallest stone structure in the world, further emphasizing its monumental presence, similar to ancient obelisks. The choice of the obelisk form for the monument was not arbitrary; it was a deliberate decision influenced by the prevailing cultural and architectural trends of the time.
Cultural Context
At the time of its construction, the United States was experiencing an Egyptomania fad. This phenomenon, characterized by a widespread fascination with ancient Egypt, saw numerous public buildings designed in the "Egyptian Revival" style. During the 1830s, the Washington National Monument Society was formed to raise funds and develop a design for the monument. In 1836, they opened a competition for designing the monument, and the winner, Robert Mills, was chosen in 1845.
While the monument's initial design was influenced by the Egyptian Revival style, its construction and design elements sometimes diverge from the strict obelisk form. For instance, the Washington Monument features a winged disc lintel, which has since been removed. This element more closely resembles the style of pyramids, a feature that George Washington, as a leader of the revolutionary forces, would have likely opposed. It is worth noting that George Washington is actually interred at his family's grave in Mount Vernon, not in the Capitol building.
Conclusion
The Washington Monument stands as a testament to the enduring influence of ancient Egyptian architecture and the symbolic significance of its form. Its design not only reflects a fascination with ancient cultures but also serves as a monument to American values and national unity. As a structure that combines aesthetic beauty and symbolic meaning, the Washington Monument continues to inspire and awe visitors from around the world.