Why Ukraine Does Not Recognize Luhansk and Donetsk as Independent States: The Context and International Law

Understanding the dynamics surrounding Luhansk and Donetsk provinces in Ukraine, particularly their recognition as independent states by neither Ukraine nor international bodies, requires an examination of a complex geopolitical history. This article delves into the reasons why Ukraine and the broader international community have not recognized the self-proclaimed republics, underscoring historical and legal contexts.

Russian Occupation and Annexation

The occupation of Luhansk and Donetsk by Russia since 2014 represents a serious violation of international law and Ukraine's sovereignty. The annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 established a precedent where an external actor sought to assert control over another state's territory by force. This unlawful occupation has been widely condemned by the international community.

Supporters of the separatist regions often argue for independence based on local referendums and a supposed desire for autonomy. However, these referendums have been widely disputed by the international community, with no mention of free and fair elections.

The Context of Independence Claims

Ukraine, like many other countries, strictly adheres to the principles of international law. The Ukrainian government maintains that the self-proclaimed separatist entities (Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic) do not have the right to unilaterally proclaim independence. This stance is rooted in the concept of territorial integrity, which is a fundamental principle in international relations.

Ukraine's government argues that the situation in the Donbas region (comprising Luhansk and Donetsk) was the result of an illegal and aggressive act by the Russian Federation. The government stationed Russian troops in the region without formal treaty agreements between the two countries, which is a clear violation of international norms.

International Law and Sovereignty

According to international law, the recognition of a new state is a sovereign decision made by existing states. The principle of self-determination does not apply without specific historical, legal, or indigenous context, which is often lacking in these separatist claims. The international community has consistently maintained that any attempt to change the status of territories without the legitimate consent of the state in whose territory they are located is illegal.

Moreover, the conflict in eastern Ukraine is a complex issue rooted in historical, economic, and social factors, including concerns over Russian influence and control. The international community has primarily focused on promoting diplomatic resolutions and encouraging conflict resolution.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the refusal of Ukraine and the international community to recognize Luhansk and Donetsk as independent states is based on a combination of historical, legal, and strategic considerations. The illegal occupation and annexation by Russia have profound implications for the future stability and sovereignty of Ukraine. The international community's response has been to support Ukraine's right to self-defend and discourage unauthorized attempts to alter territorial boundaries through force. While the conflict continues, the principle of territorial integrity remains a cornerstone of international law, guiding the behavior of states and their interactions.