Why Morocco Does Not Claim the Canary Islands as It Does Ceuta and Melilla

Introduction

Morocco, like many other nations, has historical territories that it has either claimed or sought to reclaim. This includes the exclave territories of Ceuta and Melilla located on the Iberian Peninsula. However, unlike these territories, the Canary Islands have never been part of any historic Moroccan state. This article delves into the reasons behind Morocco’s non-claim on the Canary Islands.

Historical Context

The history of Moroccan territorial claims, including Ceuta and Melilla, is often traced back to the historical conquests that occurred centuries ago. The Inca and Aztec empires, for instance, were unable to conquer Europe due to the technological, biological, and cultural advantages possessed by European powers. Similarly, the Spanish and Portuguese were able to establish their control over the 'Americas' through a combination of these same factors.

However, the strategic and historical context of the Canary Islands is quite different from that of Ceuta and Melilla. The Canary Islands have no inherent historical connection to Morocco, making the idea of Moroccan control less plausible compared to its claims in the Iberian Peninsula.

Geographic and Historical Reasons

An important factor to consider is the geography of the Canary Islands. The Canary Islands, located in the North Atlantic, are far outside of Morocco’s historical territorial influence. These islands, part of Spain’s territory, have never been under Moroccan control nor have they ever been part of any historic Moroccan state.

Furthermore, the historical records and treaties clearly show that the Canary Islands have always been under Spanish rule. This is a well-established fact, verified through centuries of international relations and legal documents. Unlike Ceuta and Melilla, which were theoretically conquered by the Spanish and later taken over by the Moroccans in the 19th century through treaties and wars, the Canary Islands have a clear and distinct history of Spanish colonization and rule.

The Role of International Law and Modern Diplomacy

The modern legal and diplomatic framework plays a significant role in the Moroccan stance on the Canary Islands. According to international law, the Canary Islands are part of the Spanish territory based on the Treaty of Madrid in 1759 and the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, among other agreements.

Morocco’s claim on Ceuta and Melilla is more complicated and has historical backing. The city of Ceuta is mentioned in historical documents dating back to the 9th century, and Melilla has been under Moroccan control or influence more frequently in the past, though it was definitively taken by Spain in the 14th century.

Academic Insights and Further Readings

For a deeper understanding of these historical claims, one can refer to Jared Diamond’s seminal work, “Guns, Germs, and Steel.” This book explores how certain geographical and biological factors influenced the conquest and settlement patterns in the ancient world, providing a vivid illustration of why certain territories were conquered and others were not.

Additionally, historical texts and academic papers discussing the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, and the Canary Islands can provide further insight. These resources can offer a more nuanced perspective on the historical and cultural contexts that have shaped the current territorial allegiances.

Conclusion

In summary, the historical, geographical, and legal implications of Moroccan claims make it plausible for Morocco to claim Ceuta and Melilla, which have a strong historical connection to the region. However, the Canary Islands, having never been part of any historic Moroccan state, do not fit into this narrative. Understanding these nuances is crucial for any analysis of territorial claims in the region.

If you want to explore this topic further, consider reading Jared Diamond’s book, as well as academic papers on historical colonization and international relations. These resources will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex historical and geopolitical landscape of the region.