Why Lesotho Remains an Independent Country Rather Than Part of South Africa

Lesotho, a landlocked country completely encircled by South Africa, has its unique historical, political, and geographical background that has led to its status as an independent nation. This article explores the reasons behind Lesotho's sovereignty and why it has chosen not to be part of South Africa.

Historical Context

The modern-day Lesotho was initially inhabited by the Basotho people, who established their own kingdom under King Moshoeshoe I in the early 19th century. This kingdom emerged during a period of significant upheaval and conflict known as the Difaqane, where various groups were displaced and migrated across southern Africa.

Colonial Influence

As European powers expanded their control over Africa in the 19th century, the British took an interest in the region. In 1868, Lesotho, then known as Basutoland, was declared a British protectorate to shield it from both Boer expansion and internal conflicts. This arrangement allowed the Basotho people to retain a degree of autonomy while being protected from external threats.

Post-Colonial Developments

Lesotho gained independence from Britain on October 4, 1966. While South Africa was undergoing significant political changes, including the end of apartheid in the early 1990s, Lesotho maintained its sovereignty.

Geopolitical Factors

Lesotho's geographical position creates a unique relationship with South Africa. While it relies heavily on South Africa for trade and economic support, it has its own government and political system. This has been a point of pride for many Basotho people, contributing to the country's independent status.

Landlocked and Harsh Conditions

Despite its importance and strategic location relative to South Africa, Lesotho remains an independent nation. One key reason is its geography. Lesotho is the highest altitude independent country in the world, with nearly 80% of the land over 1.4km above sea level. Only 12% of the land is arable, and the country frequently experiences severe droughts, often requiring humanitarian aid. These harsh conditions make any potential annexation by South Africa impractical and misguided.

No Benefit in Annexation

Taking over Lesotho would not bring any significant benefits to South Africa. The majority of the country's arable land is not suitable for agriculture, and the resources are minimal. Any conflict or attempt to occupy the land would result in pointless deaths and a wasteful war, as the land itself offers no tangible advantages.

Conclusion

In summary, Lesotho's distinct historical, colonial, and geopolitical factors have contributed to its status as an independent nation rather than a part of South Africa. Its unique characteristics and geographical challenges make any attempt to annex it both impractical and disadvantageous.