Why is French Guiana Not a Country?

French Guiana is a French overseas department, an integral part of the French Republic with full political and administrative powers equivalent to other regions and departments of France. Despite its unique geographical location, French Guiana has decided to remain within the French Republic rather than pursue independence or EU membership. This article explores the reasons behind this decision.

Legal and Administrative Status

French Guiana is classified as a department, one of many administrative regions comprising the French Republic. As such, it has a departmental number 973 and is a full member of the French nation, sharing its laws, currency (the Euro), and citizenship. This unique status aligns it with other overseas regions like St. Pierre and Miquelon in North America, which is recognized as a French department despite being geographically part of North America.

Historical Context

The decision to remain part of France can be traced back to the legislative efforts such as those championed by Christiane Taubira, a former French deputy who led significant movements towards recognizing historical crimes, such as slavery and trafficking, as crimes against humanity. Taubira's actions underscore the deep connections and historical ties that have influenced the region's choice to remain French.

People's Will and Referendums

Despite growing regional autonomy and a desire for greater sovereignty, the people of French Guiana have consistently voted against separating from France. They have participated in several referendums where the overwhelming majority chose to remain with France. A significant factor in these decisions is the citizens' attachment to the benefits and security provided by French integration, including access to public services, social programs, and economic support. The referendum results have been decisive, demonstrating a strong preference for continuing the current relationship.

Economic and Political Factors

The decision to remain a member of the French Republic is also influenced by practical factors such as underpopulation and economic dependence. French Guiana has a relatively small population, which poses challenges in achieving full economic and political independence. The region relies heavily on French support and subsidies, which account for a significant portion of its economic needs. Moreover, the economic independence of neighboring nations, such as Guyana and Suriname, has shown that full sovereignty can lead to economic instability and challenges.

Conclusion

French Guiana's status as an overseas department is a result of a combination of historical, legal, and practical factors. The region's citizens have expressed a clear preference for remaining part of France, benefiting from the stability, security, and support provided by French integration. While there are calls for greater independence, the current arrangement appears to be in the best interest of the region and its people.

Thus, French Guiana remains a part of the French Republic, reflecting a unique model of regional integration that balances autonomy with a broader national identity.