Why Catholic Altars Contain Relics and the Historical Context

The practice of placing relics under Catholic altars is an ancient tradition deeply rooted in the history of early Christianity. Though not an essential part of a mass, these relics play a significant role in the religious and spiritual lives of Catholics. This article explores the tradition, the reasons behind it, and its place in contemporary Catholic practice.

Historical Origins and Traditions

The inclusion of relics in Catholic altars has a rich history tracing back to the early days of Christianity. One of the earliest known references to this practice comes from the writings of St. Ambrose of Milan, who lived in the fourth century A.D.

Ambrose described the purpose of placing relics under altars in his work, Epistula 22:

The triumphant victims come to their rest in the place where Christ is victim: he however who suffered for all is on the altar they who have been redeemed by his sufferings are beneath the altar. I determined this place for myself beforehand, for it is suitable that the priest may rest there when he was accustomed to make offering but I give up the portion on the right for the sacred victims: this place is owed to the martyrs. Therefore let us bring together the sacred relics and convey them to worthy thrones and celebrate the entire day with faithful devotion.

The Impact of Biblical Interpretation

One of the key questions surrounding the inclusion of relics in altars is the Biblical passage that warns against idolatry and the worship of objects. The Bible states, 'You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.' Deuteronomy 5:8-10

This passage raises the question: Why keep relics if they may lead to idolatry? However, the Catholic Church interprets this verse in the context of the broader meaning of Jesus' commandment to love your neighbor as yourself (Mark 12:31).

Custom and Tradition

The custom of placing relics under altars has its roots in the early Christian catacombs. Historically, Mass was often celebrated on the tops of tombs of saints. As Christianity became more accepted, the practice shifted to placing relics in altars, symbolizing the presence of the saints and martyrs.

To give a clearer picture, let's consider the context of the catacombs. Due to persecution, Christians would celebrate Mass on the tombs of saints, using a large marble slab to cover the tomb. The priest would then say Mass on this slab, essentially worshiping over the body of a saint. As Christianity became legal, this tradition was continued by incorporating the remains of martyrs into the new altars themselves.

Legislative Support in the Catholic Church

These traditions are not just historical curiosities but are enshrined in modern Catholic law. The Code of Canon Law states:

Can. 1237 §2. The ancient tradition of placing relics of martyrs or other saints under a fixed altar is to be preserved according to the norms given in the liturgical books.

This passage underscores the importance of the tradition within the Catholic Church and the efforts to preserve it.

In conclusion, the inclusion of relics in Catholic altars is a practice steeped in history and tradition. While it may seem to conflict with certain Biblical passages, the Catholic Church provides a historical and theological framework that supports its legitimacy. Understanding these traditions can deepen one's appreciation for the rich heritage of the Catholic faith.