Rajarajeshwara Temple: A Masterpiece of Chola Architecture

The Rajarajeshwara Temple, also known as the Brihadeeshwara Temple, is an magnificent temple showcasing the architectural prowess of the Chola dynasty. This temple was built by the renowned Chola emperor Raja Raja Chola I between 1003 and 1010 AD. It is located in the city of Thanjavur in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, serving as a significant part of the Great Living Chola Temples UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The construction of the Rajarajeshwara Temple began in 1003 and was completed in 1010 AD, marking the pinnacle of Chola architectural achievement during the reign of Raja Raja Chola I. This temple, the Big Temple, celebrated its 1000th anniversary in September 2010. The intricate carvings and the grandeur of the structure remain timeless symbols of the Chola civilization.

Significance and History

The temple is a sacred shrine dedicated to Lord Vishnu, the preserver and protector of the universe. It is situated in the holy city of Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu and is considered one of the 108 Divya Desams, holy abodes of Lord Mahavishnu. This temple holds immense spiritual significance for the devotees of Lord Vishnu, drawing millions of pilgrims every year.

The origins of this temple are enshrouded in the mists of time, although recent history attributes its construction to the Chola kings in 1053 AD. It was expanded and renovated by subsequent rulers, including King Kulothunga Cholan I and Vikrama Cholan, who reigned during 1075-1135 AD. The temple was under threat during the Mughal invasion in 1688, but has since managed to retain its sanctity and spiritual aura.

Architectural Marvel

The Rajarajeshwara Temple stands as a testament to the Dravidian style of architecture, characterized by exquisite detailing and grandeur. The temple is built on an impressive 23 acres of land and is surrounded by numerous other notable temples dedicated to various deities. A striking feature of the temple is the presence of beautifully engraved lizards, plated with pure gold, which add to its opulence.

The temple showcases 32 shrines, 19 Vimanas, and 389 pillared posts, with several sacred tanks being prominent features within its premises. The 100-pillared hall within the temple premises is adorned with sculptures illustrating scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The presiding deity is a 10-feet tall granite idol, believed to be swayambhu, meaning self-manifested and not created by any human or divine intervention. This self-manifested idol stands as a temple unto itself.

Artistic Details and Spiritual Significance

The Rajarajeshwara Temple is surrounded by three grand circles, enhancing its sacred ambiance. Noteworthy features include the huge stone chain sculpted from a single stone and the silver casket containing the ancient wooden image of Lord Varadharaja, made of Attimaram. This wooden image, removed from the water and worshipped for 10 days once in forty years, holds deep spiritual significance for the devotees.

The temple is governed by the grand hall with 100 pillars, each carved with intricate designs. The craftsmanship of the ancient Vishwakarma Sthapathis can be seen in the detailed carvings and sculptures. The temple is not just a place of worship; it is also a periodical pilgrimage site, where devotees flock to seek blessings from the devoutly worshipped deity.

Devotees from far and wide visit the temple during significant festivals, such as the Garuda Seva, where Robert Clive, a colonial administrator, participated and presented the deity with a valuable necklace.

Moreover, according to Hindu mythologies, Lord Brahma is said to have performed a Yagna at this site, but Goddess Saraswati, enraged, tried to intervene. Lord Mahavishnu appeared in his brilliance, symbolizing the eternal balance and harmony in the universe.

In conclusion, the Rajarajeshwara Temple stands as a glorious testament to the architectural heritage of the Chola period, reflecting their adoration for the divine and their mastery in creating enduring architectural marvels. Visitors and devotees continue to marvel at its grandeur and spiritual significance, making it a must-see destination for anyone interested in Indian history and culture.