NASA’s Rocket Contracts: Understanding the Partnership with SpaceX

NASA has long collaborated with private companies to procure rockets for space missions. A recent example is the use of SpaceX’s Starliner for the abort test mission, which has raised questions about the agency's approach to rocket procurement.

Does NASA Buy Rockets from SpaceX?

Contrary to popular belief, NASA has never actually built a rocket. Instead, it has always relied on outside contractors to design and construct the rockets it uses, with the notable exception of some of its own programs in the past.

Historical Context

The rockets used by NASA for early manned missions, such as the Redstone, Atlas, and Titan, started as military missile launchers produced by contractors. When a suitable commercially available rocket is available, NASA often opts to use that option to save costs and avoid reinventing the wheel.

NASA frequently works with contracted partners for launch services. For instance, United Launch Alliance (ULA) and SpaceX are commonly used for launches. This arrangement allows NASA to focus on critical aspects of mission design and operations without devoting resources to rocket development.

When Does NASA Design Its Own Rockets?

There have been instances where NASA designed its own rockets. Notable examples include:

Apollo Era - Saturn V: NASA designed the rocket and hired contractors to build it for the Apollo missions. Space Shuttle Program - Space Launch System (SLS): NASA designed the rocket for the ongoing Artemis program and hired contractors to build it.

In both cases, NASA retained ownership and control over these rockets.

The Recent Starliner Mission

The recent abort test with SpaceX’s Starliner capsule highlighted the ongoing collaboration between NASA and SpaceX. NASA bought the Starliner capsule and the Atlas V rocket from SpaceX, which has both designed and operated its rockets since its inception. The parachute system used on the Starliner was a particularly interesting point as it requires more modern and safer technology.

Why Use Contractors?

NASA opts for outside contractors for several reasons:

Specialization: Contractors have specialized knowledge and experience in rocket design and construction. Cost-Effectiveness: Outsourcing allows NASA to avoid the high costs of developing its own rockets. Focus on Science: NASA can focus on the scientific aspects of its missions without concerning itself with rocket development.

Conclusion

The partnership between NASA and SpaceX exemplifies the agency’s strategic approach to rocket procurement. While NASA has never built a rocket, it has worked closely with contractors to achieve its space exploration goals. Future missions will continue to benefit from this partnership, ensuring that NASA can maintain its focus on science and discovery.

Keywords: NASA rockets, SpaceX, rocket procurement