Greece’s Islands and Istanbul: A Historical Debate

In the historical context of the Treaty of Lausanne, Greece did indeed cede two major Aegean islands to Turkey, namely Imbros (today G#237;ka) and Tenedos (Bozcaada). These islands, which previously had overwhelmingly Greek populations, were strategically significant due to their proximity to the Turkish Straits. Following the cession, Greece has maintained its position that these territories remain Greek and should not be swapped for Istanbul, a city that holds immense cultural and historical value.

The Cession of Imbros and Tenedos

The Treaty of Lausanne, signed in 1923, outlined the borders between the newly established Turkish Republic and its neighboring countries, including Greece. As part of this agreement, Greece ceded the islands of Imbros and Tenedos to Turkey. Despite this transfer, the treaty also stipulated that these islands would be granted an autonomous status, with their own local police and government. However, Turkey did not honor this provision, leading to a situation where the Greek population on the islands faced significant challenges.

Greek Residency and Forced Evacuation

The Greek residents on Imbros and Tenedos faced various forms of anti-Greek policies, which led to the majority of the population leaving for Greece or other countries. This mass exodus significantly diminished the Greek presence on both islands, resulting in a period of economic and cultural hardship. The Greek government's stance on the islands has remained firm, asserting that they should not be ceded to Turkey, and that the historical and cultural ties to these territories are strong and unbreakable.

The Importance of Istanbul

For the Greek people, Istanbul holds an incomparable significance and is far more important than any physical asset, including valuable real estate. This historical and cultural connection to Istanbul is deeply rooted in the Greek identity and heritage, and it would be a betrayal of that heritage to swap the islands for a settlement with Istanbul.

The Nation’s Historical Trauma and Modern Stance

During the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire, the Allies promised the city of Constantinople (now Istanbul) to Czar Nicholas, following the conclusion of World War I. However, despite this promise and an international occupation, Constantinople was not handed over. Instead, the Greek population in Istanbul faced significant pressure and discrimination, leading to a period of intense nationalism in Turkey. This surge of nationalism has resulted in a desire by some in Turkey to reclaim what they see as rightfully belonging to them.

Current Diplomatic Stance

Today, Greece’s position remains that it will not cede any of its Aegean islands to Turkey. This stance is based on the historical and cultural importance of these islands. Even if Turkey were to offer favorable trading terms for these islands, Greece would not consider swapping them for Istanbul. The islands represent more than just territory; they are symbols of cultural heritage and historical identity.

Arguments Against an Exchange

Opponents of the idea of exchanging the islands for Istanbul argue that it would not only be a violation of the Treaty of Lausanne but would also be a backslide for the principles of autonomy and self-determination that the treaty aimed to establish. Furthermore, the exchange would not address the historical and cultural ties that the Greek people have with these islands.

As the discussion around the islands continues, it is clear that the Greek government and its people remain resolute in their stance. The cultural, historical, and economic value of these islands is deeply ingrained in the Greek identity, and any alteration of their status would be met with significant resistance.