Exploring the Differences Between Syrah and Petite Syrah: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Understanding the nuances between grape varieties is a fundamental aspect of the wine world, and when it comes to Syrah and Petite Syrah (also known as Durif), many beginners and enthusiasts alike often ask the question: what are the differences?

Origins and Terminology

It's important to clarify the confusion surrounding the names 'Syrah' and 'Petite Syrah.' Often mistaken for each other, these are indeed different grape varieties. While Syrah is a specific strain of Vitis vinifera, Petite Syrah is another specific strain, often referred to as Durif. The term 'Petite Syrah' is a misnomer; the true Petite Sirah is indeed Durif, named after its discoverer, Eugene Jean Emile émile Durif.

There was a time when what was sold to American winemakers was a combination of grape varieties, including a small berry version of Syrah and Durif. The confusion arose when American winemakers began to sell this blend under the name 'Petite Syrah.' This term does not refer to the size of the berry but indicates that this variety has a more intense and robust character, similar to what could be described as a 'miniature' Syrah.

Genetic Origins and Family Tree

Both Syrah and Petite Syrah (Durif) are unique in their genetic composition. While Syrah has a rich and rewarding profile, its relationship with the Durif grape offers an interesting insight into the winemaking world. Petite Syrah/Durif is actually a hybrid, resulting from the cross-pollination of Syrah and another grape variety known as Peloursin.

The hybrid nature of Petite Syrah means that it possesses characteristics from both of its parents. These grapes share a common ancestor, Syrah, but their distinct differences can be observed in both appearance and taste. While Syrah is renowned for its complex flavors and aromas, Petite Syrah brings a more intense and jammy character to the table, making it a standout in wine blends and single-varietal productions.

Flavor Profiles and Sensory Attributes

When sommeliers assess wines, they often begin by examining the wine's color intensity, which provides clues about the grape variety and aging process. Moving on to the olfactory and gustatory experiences, one of the first observations is the predominant fruit type. For grapes like Syrah, one would expect a profile rich in blackberry and dark fruits, complemented by subtle spice notes.

Petite Syrah or Durif, on the other hand, exhibits a more intense and sweeter fruit profile. Imagine comparing a classic Cherry Vanilla Coke to Coca-Cola. While they share similarities, Cherry Vanilla Coke has a more pronounced, rich, and intense character. This intensity translates to a fuller-bodied wine, with a more pronounced and concentrated fruitiness. Petite Syrah can be more jammy, with higher flavor intensity, and a heavier palate weight, often at the expense of some finesse found in Syrah.

Application in Winemaking

The difference in flavor profile and intensity makes Petite Syrah (Durif) a versatile addition to winemaking. In blends, it can add body and complexity, while in single varieties, it can create intensely flavored wines that demand attention.

When used in blends, Petite Syrah can anchor the flavor profile, adding depth and richness to wines that might otherwise lack it. Syrah, with its finer and more complex flavors, shines when paired with Petite Syrah's more intense character. This combination can create wines that are both complex and balanced, appealing to a wide range of palates.

Conclusion

Understanding the nuances between Syrah and Petite Syrah is crucial for wine enthusiasts, collectors, and professionals alike. While they share some similarities, the distinct differences in genetics, flavor profile, and winemaking applications make each variety unique. Whether you prefer the complexity of Syrah or the intensity of Petite Syrah, both offer unparalleled experiences in the world of wine.

Remember, wine is much more than just grape flavors. It's a blend of history, tradition, and personal preference. So, the next time you sip on a wine labeled 'Petite Syrah,' take a moment to appreciate the dark and jammy flavors that make it stand out from the crowd.